Alcohol and Sexual Risk Taking: What Parents Need to Know

"It could be the ugliest person in the world; someone we wouldn't think twice about if we were sober, but we'd go to bed with if we were high or intoxicated." These are the words of Veronica, a young woman with HIV, in the video In Our Own Words: Teens and AIDS.

Invariably, when young people hear this line, they laugh. They know it to be so true.

Parents on the other hand, hear the quote and gasp. Veronica's bluntness crosses their line of comfort. It penetrates their denial about teens' sexual activity and use of alcohol.

While conducting interviews for a video about underage drinking, I was astounded by parents' refusal to consider the range of potential negative consequences of underage drinking, including sexual risk-taking.

One mother was adamant her 17-year-old didn't use alcohol or drugs, or have sex. "Oh, I would know for sure!" Two weeks later, she found a stash of marijuana in his room.

Other parents deliberately look the other way, considering drinking by teens a harmless right of passage. "Kids will be kids." They say. "Everybody drinks. What can you do about it?" But I have met mothers and fathers whose children were seriously hurt because they chose to drink. Dreams were shattered. Opportunities were lost. Those parents tell a different story. They wish now they'd done more to stop early alcohol use.

While I was writing Words Can Work: When Talking With Kids About Alcohol, Kathy told me of learning that her 15-year-old daughter, Megan, had been drinking at a party. Kathy ignored it. She said she wasn't overly concerned. After all, it was just one night.

But then, one night while at a party, Megan was sexually assaulted. A guy had noticed she was unsteady and offered to take her for a walk. Megan told me, "All I remember is running and running and running and finally just getting caught and … and I was sexually assaulted and there was nothing I could do."

Now Kathy regrets ignoring the warning. "I should have pursued it," she said. "But you want to believe your kids. I would wait for Megan to come in at night. At the bedroom door, 20 feet away, she would seem fine."

Dr. Brian Johnson, Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, says many parents choose to avoid the issue for a variety of reasons. Sometimes, he says, they fear pushing their child away. Other times it's denial. "When something is frightening, like you know your child is behaving in an unsafe way," Dr. Johnson explains, "You can decide you won't think about it. You tell yourself it will be all right. But kids' drinking is Russian roulette."

The following facts underscore Dr. Johnson's point—that underage drinking is indeed a form of Russian roulette:

• Teens who report drinking alcohol on at least one occasion are seven times more likely to have had sexual intercourse than nondrinkers.
• Binge drinkers, like those who have ever used drugs, are three times more likely to have contracted an STD than nonproblem drinkers and nondrug users.
• Alcohol is more closely linked to sexual violence than any other drug and is a common companion to rape, including date rape. Alcohol use, by the victim, the perpetrator or both, is implicated in 46 to 75 percent of date rapes of college students.

Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Dangerous Liaisons: Substance Abuse and Sex, 1999.

Many parents who say they talk with their kids about alcohol focus only on drinking and driving. One parent proudly told me, "When kids drink at our house, we insist they throw the keys into a pile and no one leaves the house 'til morning."

Other parents minimize alcohol's potential for harm saying, "At least they aren't doing drugs!"

But, each year, over 100,000 Americans die from alcohol-related causes—alcohol, the leading drug of choice. Antigone is HIV positive. She no longer drinks, but sometimes when she did, she had unprotected sex. "I mean, you know," she says, "I had sex when I wouldn't have if I wasn't drinking."

Parents—who love their kids and say they will do anything for them—are turning a blind eye to destructive behavior. By ignoring the use of alcohol, and at times supplying it, parents send a message that alcohol is harmless.

Recently, in Scarsdale, New York, a school superintendent called a drunk student's parents to pick him up. The parents reportedly sent the housekeeper instead. I've heard hundreds of similar stories of parents' denial or neglect. One friend told me her daughter had her first drink, and her first experience getting drunk, at a house where the parents had set up a margarita bar for the kids.

Research shows that the first use of alcohol typically begins around age 13. So, parents who want to protect their children need to include in their ongoing family dialogue clear messages about the link between alcohol and risky behavior, including sexual risk taking.

Not to do so, leaves a child vulnerable. Dr. Paula Rauch, Chief of Pediatric Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital says many parents recall their own drinking as teens and remain silent on the issue. They ask themselves, "How can I judge my child's behavior? I wasn't perfect." But that robs their children of a mature guide, one who confronts the myth that bad things only happen to other people.

Recommended Resources:To order the recommended resources, click on a title below or visit Family Health Productions' Web site, www.AboutHealth.com, or www.WordsCanWork.com.

Words Can Work: When Talking With Kids About Alcohol
This 44-page booklet tells how seven families talk about alcohol and underage drinking. Leading mental health professionals weigh in to tell the families what they do well and to offer words other parents can use in similar situations.

Alcohol: True Stories hosted by Matt Damon
This 20-minute video profiles four young people who tell how alcohol impacts their lives, including sexual risk-taking. It was produced with technical assistance from the CDC and Harvard Medical School. With Discussion Guide. Family Viewing Guide available. Recommended for Grades 5 & Up, Parents and Caregivers.

Raising Healthy Kids: Families Talk About Sexual Health
These two 30-minute videos, For Parents of Young Children and For Parents of Preadolescents and Adolescents, are designed to give parents skills, information and comfort when talking about sexual health. Produced with technical assistance from the CDC and Advocates for Youth. Includes Discussion Guides. For Parents and Caregivers.

In Our Own Words: Teens and AIDS
This 20-minute video profiles five young people infected with HIV through unprotected sex. It addresses denial, living with HIV, alcohol and its potential link to risky behavior, postponing sex, condoms and healthy decisions. Produced with technical assistance from the CDC. Includes Discussion Guide. Available in Spanish. Recommended for Grades 6 & Up, Parents and Caregivers.