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Autism FAQ

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorders

General Information About ASDs

What are autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)?

ASDs are developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of unusual behaviors and interests. Many people with ASDs also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, or reacting to different sensations. The thinking and learning abilities of people with ASDs can vary—from gifted to severely challenged. An ASD begins before the age of 3 and lasts throughout a person's life.

What are some of the signs of ASDs?

As the name "autism spectrum disorders" suggests, ASDs cover a wide range of behaviors and abilities. People with ASDs, like all people, are different in how they act and what they can do. No two people with ASDs have the same symptoms.

People with ASDs have serious impairments with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors over and over again or have trouble changing their daily routine. Following is a list of characteristics that are common among people with ASDs. It is important to note that some people without ASDs might also have some of these symptoms. But for people with ASDs, the impairment is bad enough to make life very challenging.

People with ASDs might:
  • Not play "pretend" games (pretend to "feed" a doll)

  • Not point at objects to show interest (point at an airplane flying over)

  • Not look at objects when another person points at them

  • Have trouble relating to others or not have an interest in other people at all

  • Avoid eye contact and want to be alone

  • Have trouble understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings

  • Prefer not to be held or cuddled or might cuddle only when they want to

  • Appear to be unaware when other people talk to them but respond to other sounds

  • Be very interested in people, but not know how to talk to, play with, or relate to them

  • Repeat words or phrases said to them, or repeat words or phrases in place of normal language (echolalia)

  • Have trouble expressing their needs using typical words or motions

  • Repeat actions over and over again

  • Have trouble adapting to changes in routine

  • Have unusual reactions to the way things smell, taste, look, feel, or sound

  • Lose skills they once had (for instance, stop saying words they were once using)

Talk to your child’s doctor or nurse if your child loses skills at any age.

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