Effects of Illness on High School Children

Adolescence is a stage in life marked by needs for peer acceptance and movement toward more independence, away from family and home. A cancer diagnosis forces adolescents to become more dependent on parents and caregivers.

Adolescents and teenagers typically feel they need to more like their peers in appearance, and lifestyle choices. But realistically, the illness and effects of treatment may not allow for participation in normal activities and interests.

In addition to any physical changes they may experience due to cancer treatments, teenagers are faced with natural changes that are a part of puberty and development. Sexual identity at this stage of development can lead to insecurities. Looking different from peers can cause feelings of inadequacy, and can lead to peer group avoidance and isolation. Adolescence is often a time of turmoil and confusion under the best of circumstances.

• Opportunities for "regular" activities, where appropriate, can support an adolescent’s need for independence, such as getting a driver's permit or license, participating in non-contact sports, and social gatherings with friends.
• Flexible scheduling of treatments by medical staff can reduce interference with school and recreational activities.
• Social workers, psychologists, or psychiatrists can be consulted to get an assessment of your child's needs, with suggestions for interventions that can promote healthy development, particularly during periods of high stress or depression.
• Respectful interaction, decision-making and discussions with the teen about his or her own health care can improve feelings of independence and self worth, and may improve willingness to comply with treatment.
• Group therapy with other teenage cancer patients encourages expression of feelings, mutual support, and problem solving in a peer setting. Individual therapy addresses specific stresses associated with cancer, such as loss of control, social isolation, fears and loss of self-esteem. Mental health professionals are often available at your child's hospital to provide this service or guide you toward the other resources.