Guard Against Antibiotic Abuse

When a child is ill, parents and caregivers want to do everything possible to help the child feel better quickly. However, using antibiotic medications when not necessary can make these medications less effective against future illnesses.

When can antibiotics help?

There are two main kinds of germs that can make a child sick – bacteria and viruses. Antibiotics can help cure bacterial infections, including middle ear infections, strep throat and sinus infections. But strep throat is the only kind of sore throat that can be helped by an antibiotic, and it must be diagnosed with a laboratory test. In addition, sinus infections and colds have similar symptoms, but only sinus infections can be helped by antibiotics.

Remember, only a doctor can tell for sure if a child needs antibiotics. If your child's doctor prescribes antibiotics, make sure you give all the medication as directed. Never "save" medications to treat a future illness.

When won't antibiotics help?

Antibiotics will not do any good when your child has a virus, especially colds and the yellow and green nasal discharges that come with them. Children usually do not need antibiotics for bronchitis or coughs. Most sore throats are caused by viruses and cannot be cured by antibiotics.

• When a child has a cold or the flu, antibiotics will not help. The following things can make your child feel better:
• Resting.
• Drinking plenty of fluids.
• Taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever or pain. Do not give your child aspirin without checking with a doctor first. Aspirin may cause Reye's Syndrome, a rare but serious illness.
• Eating healthful food.
• Using a vaporizer.

Reprinted with the permission of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin.