Your Child's Growth

What Is Growth?

From the moment parents greet their newborn, they watch the baby's progress eagerly, anticipating every inch of growth and each new developmental milestone along the way. But how can they tell if their child is growing properly?

A child's physical growth refers to the increases in height and weight and other body changes that occur as a child matures. Hair grows; teeth come in, come out, and come in again; and eventually puberty hits. It's all part of the growth process.

What's Normal?

The first year of an infant's life is a time of astonishing change. During this time, a baby will grow rapidly. On average, babies grow 10 inches (25 centimeters) in length while tripling their birth weights by their first birthday.

Given all the growth that occurs in the first year of life, new parents may be surprised when their child doesn't continue to grow through the roof. But no child continues the rate of growth experienced during infancy. After age 1, a baby's growth in length slows considerably, and by 2 years, growth in height usually continues at a fairly steady rate of approximately 21/2 inches (6 centimeters) per year until adolescence.

No child grows at a perfectly steady rate throughout this period of childhood, however. Weeks or months of slightly slower growth alternate with mini "growth spurts" in normal children. Kids actually tend to grow a bit faster in the spring than during other times of the year!

A major growth spurt occurs at the time of puberty. Usually kids enter puberty between age 8 to 13 years in girls and 10 to 15 years in boys. Puberty lasts about 2 to 5 years. This growth spurt is associated with sexual development, which includes the appearance of pubic and underarm hair, the growth and development of sex organs, and in girls, the onset of menstruation.

By the time girls reach age 15 and boys reach age 16 or 17, the growth associated with puberty will have ended for most teens and they will have reached physical maturity.

At the Doctor's Office

Beginning in infancy, a child will visit a doctor for regular checkups. At each of these visits, the doctor will record height and weight on a growth chart, which shows how the child's height and weight compare with that of other kids the same age. This valuable tool can help the doctor determine whether a child is growing at an appropriate rate or whether there might be problems.

What Parents Can Do

You can do a few things to help ensure that your child grows and develops normally. The following are critical to kids' overall health and wellness:

• enough rest: Sleep patterns vary by age and individual child, but most kids need an average of 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night. Sleep gives growing bodies the rest they need to continue growing properly.
• proper nutrition: A balanced diet full of essential vitamins and minerals will help kids reach their full growth potential.
• adequate exercise: Because obesity is a problem for many kids, parents should make sure that their kids exercise regularly and eat healthy. Bicycling, hiking, in-line skating, sports, or any enjoyable activity that will motivate kids to get moving will promote good health and fitness and help them maintain a healthy weight.

Talking to Kids About Growth

Kids differ in growth and development during childhood — just like adults, some kids are taller or shorter. Generally, girls hit puberty earlier than boys, although some girls might lag behind their peers in breast development and the onset of menstruation. All of this is usually completely normal.