Are Alternative Treatments for ADHD Effective?

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Given the previously discussed controversy regarding the use of medication to treat ADHD as well as the lack of effectiveness of medication with some students, many parents and professionals have sought alternative treatments. For example, one proposed treatment involves reducing the child's intake of food additives (particularly certain food colorings) and preservatives that are presumed to cause ADHD (Feingold, 1985). Many researchers have carefully studied this treatment, and results indicate that the modification of a child's diet is not an effective treatment for ADHD (Kavale, 2001).

Another proposed treatment for ADHD relates to problems with the child's vestibular system in the inner ear, which controls balance and movement. Levinson (2003), who developed this theory, contends that the vestibular system regulates the energy level of children; thus, problems with this system result in impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Barkley (2000) notes that scientists do not agree with Levinson that energy levels are controlled by the vestibular system and that no research has been published or otherwise reported in support of this theory regarding the cause of ADHD or the recommended treatment.

Many other treatments for ADHD have been recommended, including giving children large doses of vitamins and minerals and reducing the intake of sugar. None of these alternative treatments of ADHD have been supported by research. Under these circumstances, it is important that professionals be aware of interventions that have been proven effective as well as interventions that lack such evidence. To this point, there is research to support the effectiveness of only two interventions related to ADHD: the use of medication and behavioral interventions, both discussed in this chapter. We encourage you to maintain caution regarding other interventions that are offered for ADHD and to ask for evidence that treatments work so that you remain well informed and can provide parents with advice regarding the effectiveness of interventions for ADHD.