The term dissimilar learner was developed for students who have not succeeded when engaged in "one size fits all instruction" (Cooper, Lingg, Puricelli, & Yard, 1995). Dissimilar learners do not fit the traditional instructional mold. They are often rebellious and dysfunctional in a learning environment that does not adequately address various teaching options and learning styles. They lack resilience (Bernard, 1995), which is defined as the “capacity to successfully overcome personal vulnerabilities and environmental stressors, to be able to ‘bounce back’ in the face of potential risks, and to maintain well-being” (Wang, 1998, p. 12).
The primary characteristics of dissimilar learners are represented in several areas and are listed here:
- Concrete in thought processes
- Physical or direct confrontation yields negative results
- The visual modality is the primary intake style for learning
- Tactile environment with the environment
- Communication style is high in word usage, low in word meaning
- Adverse to written language
- Prefers group performance rather than individual performance.
- Low sense of self-security, especially when environment is radically different from his or her norm
- Views educational system as a threat to self-preservation
- Reacts negatively to rigid order
- Emotionally fragile and volatile
- Loyalties are strong but bonding is slow
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