Infant Social and Communicative Development

Infant Social and Communicative Development
photo by: Leonid Mamchenkov
By R.E. Owens, Jr.
Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall

During the first six months of life, an infant learns the rituals and processes of communication through interaction with his or her caregiver. The table below lists the infant social and communicative development for newborn through 12 months of age.

Age Behaviors
Newborn
  • Vision best at 8 inches; prefers light-dark contrasts, angularity, complexity, curvature
  • Hearing best in frequency range of human voice; prefers human voice; exhibits entrainment
  • Facial expressions
1 week
  • "Self-imitation"; reflexive actions but treated as meaningful by caregiver
2 weeks
  • Distinguishing of caregiver's voice and face
3 weeks
  • Social smile
1 month
  • Short visual exchanges with caregiver; prefers human face to all else
2 months
  • Cooing
3 months
  • Face alone not enough to hold infant's attention: in response, mother exaggerates her facial movements
  • More frequent dialogs; decrease of handling by 30 percent
  • Revocalization likely if caregiver's verbal response immediately follows child's first vocalization
  • Vocal turn-taking and concurrent vocalization
  • Gaze coupling
  • Rituals and games
  • Face play
5 months
  • Purposeful facial imitation
  • Vocalization to accompany attitude
6 months
  • Hand and nonspeech imitation
8 months
  • Gestures
9 months
  • Imitation of more complicated motor behaviors
  • Following the maternal pointing
11 months
  • Response to about half of maternal verbal and nonverbal requests
12 months
  • Use of words to fill communicative functions established by gestures

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