Observing the Student: Responding to Diversity

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Conducting observations of a student is one of the best methods for obtaining specific information regarding that student's behavior. For the observer who is sensitive and responsive to diversity, these observations create a picture of the uniqueness of the student. Some of the areas to consider in planning an observation include:

Work Habits

• Time

How long does it take the student to get started?

How long is the student able to stay on task?

• Levels of assistance needed

What can the student do independently?

How frequently does the student need prompting?

What types of prompts are helpful (physical, verbal, gestural)?

• Reinforcements used

What types of reinforcement are effective?

How does the student react to the reinforcement?

Interactions with Others

• Other students

Does the student have a variety of ways to communicate?

Do other students communicate with the student?

Does the student socialize with other students?

• Teacher

Does the student have a variety of ways to communicate?

Can the teacher communicate with the student?

Is the student given opportunities to demonstrate competence?

Facial Expression and Affect

• Eye contact: Does the student make eye contact with others?
• Affect: Does the student have appropriate affect?

Body Movements

• Independent skills: Does the student have independent mobility skills?
• Quality of movement: Is the quality of gross and fine motor responses refined (not jerky)?

Adaptive Skills

• Independent skills

  Can the student eat independently?

• Appropriate skills

  Does the student use appropriate grooming skills?

  Does the student dress in an age-appropriate manner?

Participation in Play and Games

• Level of participation

  Does the student participate in unorganized play (free time, recess)?

  Does the student understand the rules of the game?

  Does the student play cooperatively?