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Overview of Speech and Language Development

by L.L. Dunlap
Source: Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall
Topics: Speech and Language Issues, Speech and Language Development, Language (Age 0-1), Language (Ages 2-3), Language (Ages 3-5)

Teachers and other professionals often use developmental charts to compare a child's development to the average development of other children the same age. This table provides a very general list of language developmental milestones that normally occur between birth and five years. The ages represent averages of developmental information found in a wide variety of literature and other resources. It is presented with the caution that children who develop normally vary greatly in their maturation patterns and timetables (Greene, 1975). No single skill should form the basis of any important decisions concerning assessment or treatment. Rather, all areas of development must be considered (Wood, 1981).

Average Age Comprehension Skills Expressive Skills
0-3 months
  • startled response to noise
  • eye contact
  • attends to voice
  • differentiated cries for various needs
6 months
  • localizes voice
  • responds to name
  • cooing and vowel sounds
  • vocalization after hearing speech
  • babbling begins
  • laughing
12 months
  • follows simple directions
  • responds to name and no
  • understands many words, begins to associate words with actions
  • first words
  • gesturing and babbling continue
  • imitates words
  • plays peek-a-boo
18 months
  • retrieves a requested object
  • points to several body parts
  • 20 words
  • 150 words
24 months
  • answers yes/no questions
  • distinguishes pronouns
  • word combinations
  • early grammatical features begin to appear
  • imitates environmental sounds
  • refers to self by name
  • begins to use yes/no questions
30 months
  • follows two-part directions
  • understands big, little, in, on, one
  • understands a few color names
  • 350 words
  • begins to use personal pronouns
  • begins to use wh-questions
  • recites songs and rhymes
36 months
  • identifies objects by their function
  • understands long or complex sentences
  • 700 words
  • begins complex sentence development
  • makes up stories
  • talks about experiences
  • asks many questions
  • names a few colors
  • rote counting
  • tells own gender
48 months
  • follows three-part directions
  • understands time concepts
  • 1500 words
  • average sentence length of five words
60 months
  • understands common opposites
  • retains information in sequence
  • 2000 to 3000 words
  • defines words
  • tells attributes of an object
  • tells sequences of events

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