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geishaboy500 Even with considerable appreciation for the importance that nurturing, involved mothers and fathers have in the lives of children, it is important to recognize that mere presence does not assure positive contribution. The parent’s emotional availability, mental health, and reasonableness all affect what it feels like for the child to be with the parent. Even the good effects of having an involved, nurturing father disappear if the father is a highly restrictive, authoritarian disciplinarian (Radin, 1982).
The term parenting styles describes the normal variation in patterns of how parents try to control their children (Baumrind, 1991). Parenting style includes both parent responsiveness and parent demands (Maccoby & Martin, 1983). Four parenting styles are commonly identified in the literature: indulgent (or permissive), authoritarian, authoritative, and uninvolved.
Indulgent (or permissive) parents are highly responsive but seldom demand mature behavior from their child, depending instead on the child’s self-regulation.
Authoritarian parents are demanding, but not responsive. They demand obedience to extensive sets of rules.
Authoritative parents are demanding and responsive. They hold high standards for their children but are supportive in their discipline.
Uninvolved parents are neither responsive nor demanding, but not to the point of being neglectful. (Baumrind, 1991)
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