Below are typical problems students with visual-learning disabilities encounter when reading and spelling.
- Confuse letters that differ in directionality (b-d, p-q)
- Confuse words that can be reversed (was-saw)
- Limited sight vocabulary; unrecognizable from word configuration
- Lose place reading, especially when moving gaze from the end of the line on the right side to the beginning of the next line on the left side
- Omit letters and words because they were not visually noted
- Insert and substitute letters erroneously as well as omit them
- Have difficulty learning irregular words that cannot be sounded out phonetically
- May find it easier to read words when learning to spell them first
- Sometimes experience difficulty recalling the shape of letters when writing them
- Spell phonetically but inaccurately (cof-cough; bisnis-business)
- Can spell difficult phonetic words but not simple irregular phonetically spelled words
Excerpted From:
Excerpt from Characteristics of and Strategies for Teaching Students with Mild Disabilities, by M. Henley, R.S. Ramsey, R.F. Algozzine, 2009 edition, p. 176.
© ______ 2009, Merrill, an imprint of Pearson Education Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. The reproduction, duplication, or distribution of this material by any means including but not limited to email and blogs is strictly prohibited without the explicit permission of the publisher.
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