Review these concepts at: The Respiratory System Study Guide
Practice Questions
1. In the conduction of air through the respiratory system, which of the following is the correct order?
a. pharynx, larynx, alveoli, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles
b. alveoli, bronchioles, bronchus, trachea, larynx, pharynx
c. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli
d. bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, pharynx, larynx, trachea
2. Each alveolus in the lungs is covered by tiny blood vessels to perform which of these functions?
a. excretion of urine
b. gas exchange
c. blood production
d. enzymatic digestion
3. The pores on a plant leaf that allow for gas exchange are called
a. alveoli.
b. cell pores.
c. membrane gaps.
d. stomata.
4. During gas exchange at a cell, which of the following is occurring?
a. Oxygen is flowing from a low concentration inside the cell to a high concentration outside the cell.
b. Oxygen is flowing from a high concentration in the red blood cells to a low concentration inside the body cell.
c. Carbon dioxide is moving from the red blood cells into the body cells.
d. Carbon dioxide is flowing from a low concentration outside the cells to a high concentration inside the cells.
5. The lungs are very efficient at gas exchange because they have a
a. high mass.
b. low volume.
c. high surface-area-to-volume ratio.
d. low surface-area-to-volume ratio.
Answers
1. c. Air enters through the nose or mouth, the pharynx is at the upper part of the throat, and the larynx is very close to the top of the throat. The tube leading through the chest to the lungs is the trachea, which branches into two bronchi. Each bronchus further branches into bronchioles, which lead directly to the alveoli.
2. b. The interface between the alveoli, which contain air, and the tiny circulatory vessels, which contain blood, is very thin. Oxygen flows out of the aveoli and into the circulation, while carbon dioxide flows out of the circulation and into the alveoli where it is excreted by exhalation.
3. d. Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange.
4. b. Oxygen flows from a high concentration (in the red blood cells) to a low concentration (in the body cells); carbon dioxide flows in the opposite direction.
5. c. In a relatively small volume, the lungs contain a huge surface area because of the branching bronchioles, which eventually end in millions of alveoli.
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