In most schools, children in the first grade would spend most of their school day  with a single classroom teacher who is certified in elementary education.   This teacher will touch upon all core subjects during the day and may also bring the students to other specialty classes (usually physical education, music, and art, possibly others).  The teacher and/or school may also bring in speakers or take the kids on field trips to further enrich their education.
 
Each state has standards that are to be addressed during each grade level.  You may search Alabama state standards for the first grade here:
 
http://alex.state.al.us/search.php
 
Hope this answers your question!