Hi feetofftheground,
 to answer your question, the SAT isn't a test that one can "pass" or "fail" but a measurement of a student's ability comparative to other students for colleges to review. Keep in mind the SAT doesn't measure intelligence and shouldn't be a method to judge yourself or others!
Here are the average (mean) scores from collegeboard.com on the SAT parts to see how you (or your student) compare:

    * Critical reading: 502
    * Mathematics: 515
    * Writing: 494

http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/scores/understanding/average.html

Here is a whole section of frequently asked questions regarding standardized tests. Some colleges in the US even choose to ignore the SAT, so keep in mind there are other options as well (and other tests, such as the ACT)
http://www.education.com/topic/college-admissions-tests-prep/

Hope this helps you get an idea of what your score means.

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