Down Syndrome (page 3)

Educational and Employment Implications

Shortly after a diagnoses of Down syndrome is confirmed, parents should be encouraged to enroll their child in an infant development/early intervention program. These programs offer parents special instruction in teaching their child language, cognitive, self-help, and social skills, and specific exercises for gross and fine motor development. Research has shown that stimulation during early developmental stages improves the child's chances of developing to his or her fullest potential. Continuing education, positive public attitudes, and a stimulating home environment have also been found to promote the child's overall development.

Just as in the normal population, there is a wide variation in mental abilities, behavior, and developmental progress in individuals with Down syndrome. Their level of retardation may range from mild to severe, with the majority functioning in the mild to moderate range. Due to these individual differences, it is impossible to predict future achievements of children with Down syndrome.

Because of the range of ability in children with Down syndrome it is important for families and all members of the school's education team to place few limitations on potential capabilities. It may be effective to emphasize concrete concepts rather than abstract ideas. Teaching tasks in a step-by-step manner with frequent reinforcement and consistent feedback has been proven successful. Improved public acceptance of persons with disabilities along with increased opportunities for adults with disabilities to live and work independently in the community, have expanded goals for individuals with Down syndrome. Independent Living Centers, group shared and supervised apartments and support services in the community have proven to be important resources for persons with disabilities.

Resources

Cunningham, C. (1999). Understanding Down syndrome: An introduction for parents (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Brookline. (Telephone: 800.666.2665. Web: www.brooklinebooks.com)

Pueschel, S.M. (Ed.). (2001). A parent's guide to Down syndrome: Toward a brighter future (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes. (Telephone: 800.638.3775. Web: www.brookespublishing.com)

Unruh, J.F. (1994). Down syndrome: Successful parenting of children with Down syndrome. Eugene, OR: Fern Ridge Press. [Telephone: 800.816.5679. Web: www.fernridgepress.com]

Woodbine House (at 800.843.7323; Web: www.woodbinehouse.com) publishes a series of books on Down syndrome, including:

• Babies with Down syndrome: A new parent's guide
• Differences in common: Straight talk about mental retardation, Down syndrome, and life
• Down syndrome: The first 18 months (DVD or Video)
• Early Communication skills in children with Down syndrome: A guide for parents and professionals
• Fine Motor skills in children with Down syndrome
• Gross motor skills in children with Down syndrome
• Medical and surgical care for children with Down syndrome: A guide for parents
• Teaching reading to children with Down syndrome

Organizations

National Down Syndrome Congress
1370 Center Drive, Suite 102
Atlanta, GA 30338
800.232.6372; 770.604.9500
E-mail: info@ndsccenter.org
Web address: www.ndsccenter.org

National Down Syndrome Society
666 Broadway
New York, NY 10012
212.460.9330
800.221.4602 (Toll Free)
E-mail: info@ndss.org
Web address: www.ndss.org

The Arc of the United States (formerly the Association for Retarded Citizens of the United States)
1010 Wayne Avenue, Suite 650
Silver Spring, MD 20910
301.565.3842
E-mail: info@thearc.org
Web address: www.thearc.org