Sneezing Seasons: Recognizing and Treating Seasonal Allergies in Children (page 3)

A diagnosis of seasonal allergies may be suspected based on the types and timing of symptoms (“history”). Examination by a physician may find physical signs suggesting allergy. Often initial treatment is chosen based upon the patient’s history and examination findings.

Consultation with an allergist/immunologist (a physician with specialty training in the diagnosis and care of allergies and asthma) and allergy testing can confirm the diagnosis and identify which specific allergens are triggering your child’s reactions. Allergy testing may involve skin tests and/or blood tests. If asthma is suspected, lung function testing may also be recommended. You can find an allergist/immunologist in your area by visiting the physician referral directory at www.aaaai.org.

Symptom triggers:

A reaction can occur anytime your child comes in contact with the pollens to which he is allergic. The pollens that cause allergies are often microscopic; the plants that produce them generally don’t have showy, fragrant flowers. Which pollens are most prevalent varies with both the time of year and geographic location. Generally, tree pollens are present in spring; grass pollen in summer; ragweed pollen in fall. Pollen season lasts until the first frost. Mold allergy may have a seasonal pattern of allergy symptoms, but the amount of mold spores is tied closely to weather patterns.

Medications

Remember that not all medications are approved for all ages of children. Proper dosing often depends on a child’s age and/or weight. Always check the labeling and indications of any medication before giving it to your child. Discuss any questions with your physician.

Medications for allergic rhinitis include oral antihistamines, prescription nasal sprays (corticosteroids, antihistamines, cromolyn sodium) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LRA’s). Over-the-counter or prescription oral antihistamines can help itching, runny nose and sneezing. These medications can be taken as needed to alleviate symptoms or regularly to prevent symptoms. Antihistamines may also provide some relief for itchy watery eyes. Nasal sprays can control congestion, runny nose and the inflammation associated with allergic rhinitis. Most prescription nasal sprays are more effective if taken regularly to control and prevent symptoms. LRA’s can treat a stuffy, runny nose, itching and sneezing. Allergic conjunctivitis may be treated with eye drops with antihistamine or mast cell stabilizing effects. 

Medications for asthma include anti-inflammatory medications to control and prevent symptoms and quick-relief bronchodilators. All children with asthma should have an action plan developed with a physician to maintain asthma control and to treat attacks.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin disease, typically includes oral antihistamines, skin care, trigger avoidance and topical anti-inflammatory medications (e.g. corticosteroids). Hives are treated with oral antihistamines.

The treatment of both asthma and eczema can be complex and a complete discussion is beyond the scope of this article. If your child has either condition, develop a treatment plan with your child’s physician.

Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots):

Allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma for selected patients. It should be given under the supervision of an allergist/immunologist or other physician with appropriate expert training.

Next steps:

If you think your child may have allergies, discuss the matter with his physician.