Activities for Skill Building (continued)

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Letter Stamping

Many children enjoy playing with rubber stamps and stamp pads or with homemade stamps cut from potatoes, sponges, or cucumbers. Use stamps with letters as well as ones with simple shapes. Another fun way to stamp is to roll out a slab of clay or play dough and make impressions with cookie cutters, rubber stamps, plastic letters, and found objects. Encourage children to talk about their stamp pictures. Help them name the letters and shapes they used.

Computers

Use any word-processing program with the font size set on 18-point or larger. At first, children will enjoy typing random letters and "reading" back what they have written. Later, they may try to type particular letters, write their names, or ask you to help them write the names of friends and family members.

Letter Books—Beginning Sounds

Make individual books for the children by folding and stapling several sheets of paper. Help each child select a letter for the book, and place that letter on the cover. Also talk about different objects that start with that letter. Encourage the child to draw or cut out pictures of things beginning with that letter.

Word Recognition

Children who can recognize familiar signs and logos and who can pick out their own names from a group of words may enjoy some of these word recognition games:

Labels

Label objects in the classroom, and read the labels out loud to the children. Every once in a while, take a label away and see if the children can put it back in the correct place.

Lotto Games

Buy or make a Lotto game, using pictures of familiar animals or objects on one side of the cards. When you read a Lotto card to the children, show them the word before naming the object or animal.

Word Puzzles

Make a series of word puzzles by backing pictures of familiar objects with their names and then cutting them in half to form a two-piece puzzle. Mix the pieces from several of these puzzles in a storage tray. Let the children complete each puzzle on the "word" side. If they select the pieces that go together, they can turn the puzzle over to see the "picture" side.

Word Banks

Work individually with children to make cards for words about which they have special interest, such as the names of family members, things they see on the way to school, favorite foods, and so on. When possible, paste a picture on the reverse side of each card. As the children learn to read their words, they can place the cards in their own word banks.

Reading Along

One of the first things a reader needs to know is where to begin. On some occasions when you read with older children, show them where the words begin. Point out the first few words so they can see that printed words correspond to spoken words, that there are spaces between words, and that reading goes from left to right and top to bottom (in English and other languages written with the Roman alphabet).

Some children may want to follow along as the text is being read. They can help you read by pointing to words as you read them aloud.

Technology

Technology can be a real boon to beginning readers. Some computer programs highlight the words in a text as they are read aloud. Other programs allow the child to select words or rebuses (pictures that can be changed to words) to use in her writing and will read back what the child has written. You can also make tape recordings of familiar storybooks and encourage the children to read along with the tapes. (Make sure to clap or say "Turn the page" at the end of each page.)

When Do Children Read?

There is no magic age at which children are ready to learn to read. Because each child is a unique individual, the age will vary and will be influenced by the following factors:

• Understanding of and ability to use language effectively
• Development of small- and large-muscle skills
• Social and emotional development
• Background and experiences
• Interest in reading and desire to learn
• Opportunities given to learn to read