Gross-Motor Landmarks

Age
16 weeks	Raises head when lying on stomach; head is almost perpendicular to surface
20 weeks	Makes compensatory head movements when pulled from lying on back to a sitting posture
24 weeks	Rolls over
	Supports self on extended arms in the prone position
28 weeks	In a sitting position, holds trunk erect momentarily
36 weeks	Holds trunk erect indefinitely
40 weeks	Holds trunk erect and maintains balance as turns to side to pick up an object
44 weeks	Goes from sitting to prone to sitting positions

Age
12 weeks	Supports much of weight on legs when held vertically
28 weeks	Sits alone
	Crawls with abdomen in contact with floor
	Supports full weight when held vertically
36 weeks	In creeping position, supports weight on toes
	Pulls self into a standing position but has insufficient motor control to lower self
48 weeks	Pulls to standing and is able to walk holding on to furniture
12-18 months	Walks alone with elevation of arms; feet are wide-based for support
18 months	Walks sideways and backward
21 months	Walks up three steps alone
2 years	Runs
	Goes up and down stairs placing both feet on each step
2-3 years	Kicks a ball on the floor
	Balances on one foot for one second
	Imitates crossing of the feet
3 years	Walks up stairs using alternating feet, but comes down stairs placing both feet on each step
	Rides tricycle
	Balances on each foot for 2 seconds
4 years	Somersaults
	Balances well on toes
	Walks a straight line 3 meters long
	Hops on one foot
	Touches fingers to thumb in succession
	Balances on one foot for up to 10 seconds
	Walks up and down stairs one step per foot
4-5 years	Skips
	Catches a bounced ball

Excerpt from Learning Disabilities: The Interaction of Students and their Environments, by C.R. Smith, 2004 edition, p. 243.

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