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Gross-Motor Landmarks

by C.R. Smith
Source: Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall
Topics: Motor (Age 0-1), Motor (Ages 2-3), Motor (Ages 3-5)

Prone and Upright Posture

 Age  
16 weeks Raises head when lying on stomach; head is almost perpendicular to surface
20 weeks Makes compensatory head movements when pulled from lying on back to a sitting posture
24 weeks Rolls over
  Supports self on extended arms in the prone position
 28 weeks In a sitting position, holds trunk erect momentarily
 36 weeks Holds trunk erect indefinitely
 40 weeks Holds trunk erect and maintains balance as turns to side to pick up an object
 44 weeks Goes from sitting to prone to sitting positions

Sitting, Crawling, Standing, Walking, and Running

Age  
12 weeks Supports much of weight on legs when held vertically
28 weeks Sits alone
  Crawls with abdomen in contact with floor
  Supports full weight when held vertically
36 weeks In creeping position, supports weight on toes
  Pulls self into a standing position but has insufficient motor control to lower self
48 weeks Pulls to standing and is able to walk holding on to furniture
12-18 months Walks alone with elevation of arms; feet are wide-based for support
18 months Walks sideways and backward
21 months Walks up three steps alone
2 years Runs
  Goes up and down stairs placing both feet on each step
2-3 years Kicks a ball on the floor
  Balances on one foot for one second
  Imitates crossing of the feet
3 years Walks up stairs using alternating feet, but comes down stairs placing both feet on each step
  Rides tricycle
  Balances on each foot for 2 seconds
4 years Somersaults
  Balances well on toes
  Walks a straight line 3 meters long
  Hops on one foot
  Touches fingers to thumb in succession
  Balances on one foot for up to 10 seconds
  Walks up and down stairs one step per foot
4-5 years Skips
  Catches a bounced ball

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