Learning-Strategies Research

Test-taking skills represent one area in which students with learning disabilities often have problems. The SCORER strategy was developed to help students learn how to take multiple-choice tests. The acronym for this strategy is straightforward: S—Schedule your time; C—Clue word use; O—Omit difficult questions; R—Read carefully; E—Estimate your answers; R—Review your work. Research has indicated that this strategy can improve the test-taking skills of secondary students with learning disabilities.

A great deal of research has been conducted on learning strategies, including much recent research on word decoding, reading, and literacy (Archer et al., 2003; Deshler, 2006; Schumaker & Deshler, 2003; Whitaker et al., 2006). For example, Whitaker and her co-workers recently developed a strategy called FISH to assist students in decoding words at the elementary level. In this strategy, F indicates the student should "Find the rhyme," which means they should identify the vowel, vowel sound, and the remaining sounds of the word. I suggests the student should "Identify the rhyme or word that ends with that sound." S means the child should "Say the rhyme," and H tells the child to "Hook the new onset (or beginning sound) to the rhyme." By applying this new learning strategy, using the same steps described above, the authors demonstrated in an action research project that students could not only learn to recognize rhymes directly taught and decode words involving those rhymes, but could also transfer this knowledge to rhymes that were not specifically taught using the FISH learning strategy. Thus, this learning strategy provided those children with a word-decoding strategy for simple word recognition.

As you can see, the array of tasks that can be addressed by strategy instruction is wide and includes many of the tasks that students with learning disabilities will have to perform to be successful in school (Lenz, 2006).

Teaching Tips: RIDER (A learning strategy to improve reading comprehension)

A learning strategy consists of an acronym that indicates the actions a student is supposed to take while completing the educational task. A sample learning strategy is the RIDER strategy, which enables students to form visual images of material while they read in order to enhance recall and reading comprehension.

Read	Read the first sentence.
Image	Make an image of the material read.
Describe	Describe your image—(1) If you cannot describe it, explain why. (2) If you can make an image, compare it to the earlier image (from earlier sentences). (3) Describe the image to yourself.
Evaluate	Evaluate your image for completeness. Check to see that your image includes as much of the information as possible, and if it is complete, move on.
Repeat	Repeat the earlier steps for the next sentence.