Understanding how students learn, and particularly how they learn to read and write, influences the instructional approaches that teachers use. The table below presents an overview of the four learning theories: Behaviorism, Constructivism, Sociolinguistics, and Cognitive/Information Processing.
| Orientation | Theory | Characteristics | Applications |
| Teacher-Centered | Behaviorism |
|
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| Student-Centered | Constructivism |
|
|
| Sociolinguistics |
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|
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| Cognitive/Information Processing |
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