Grammar Lesson: The Participle and Participial Phrase

Grammar Lesson: The Participle and Participial Phrase
By Jack Umstatter
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A word that looks like a verb, but functions as an adjective, is a participle. A participle is a type of verbal, a word that is formed from a verb, but functions as another part of speech. Common endings for participles are -ing (reading), -ed (returned), -en (broken), -d (said), -t (lent), and -n (woven).

Each italicized word in these sentences is a participle.

    Mom's puzzling answer confused us.
    These squandered opportunities will not come again soon.
    This forgotten soldier will be honored by the townspeople next weekend.
    The paid workers were happy with their salaries.
    Steve's unsent messages were still stored in his computer.
    A driven athlete will push herself to the limit.

A participial phrase consists of the participle, its modifiers, and other words needed to complete the idea begun by the participle. This type of phrase generally follows immediately after or right before the noun it describes.

The participial phrase is underlined in each sentence.

    Leaving the press conference, the politician felt confident about her answers.
    A memo sent to all the employees was well received.
    The teacher's best lesson delivered to his eighth graders dealt with literary allusions.
    My dad's present, bought by his sisters, was a gold watch.
    Acclaimed by many critics as the year's best movie, The Sound of Music won many awards.
    The Sound of Music, acclaimed by many critics as the year's best movie, won many awards.
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