Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Infants and Toddlers

K.D-Berry: How can EHS and HS staff and caregivers promote healthy eating and exercise for infants and toddlers?

Dr. Téllez:  EHS and HS programs have a wonderful opportunity to promote healthy lifestyles for infants, toddlers and preschoolers simply by the way the programs are structured, their attention to movement and exercise, and family style meals served throughout the day.  EHS and HS programs start by consulting with their Health Services Advisory Committees (HSAC) and asking nutritionists to review all meal plans for the program.  Committee members make recommendations where needed.  Although consulting with the HSAC is a Head Start Performance Standard in the Health Services area, here are some more specific rules of thumb to share with parents.

• Breastfed infants have shown lower obesity rates in later childhood.
• Serve fresh fruit and water instead of juice; if juice is served only 4-6 oz. per day is recommended.
• Offer healthy-sized portions; the size of a young child’s fist is an appropriate portion size for that child.
• Plan ahead so that healthy snacks such as cheerios, fresh fruit and vegetables are part of the young child’s daily meals.  For example, vegetables can be cut up over the weekend to make vegetable soup, add to spaghetti sauce or to quesadillas.
• Eat at the kitchen table and not in front of the television.  It is easy to lose track of what young children are eating and the amount.
• Have planned mealtimes with young children; serve family style meals.
• Parents and teachers decide when infants and toddlers eat, and what they will be offered.  A young child decides if she will eat and how much.  However, sometimes young children might not be hungry.  It is important for infants and especially toddlers to eat until they satisfy their hunger, but not to eat beyond hungry.  Parents and teachers jobs are to recognize hunger cues in the infant and toddler to help the young child begin to recognize these cues in herself.  The “Clean Plate Club” is now obsolete as well as the belief that the “larger the baby, the healthier.”
• Plan adequate time for structured and unstructured physical activities for children ages birth to two; 30 minutes of structured, and 60 minutes of unstructured physical activity are recommended for children ages 1 and up.  Toddlers should have no more than 60 minutes of sedentary activity.

K.D-Berry: Are there physical activities appropriate for infants and toddlers that can be used early on to promote interest in exercise as development progresses?

Dr. Téllez: Yes.  EHS and HS programs are great places to start physical activity in infants and toddlers because it is fun for them at this age.  The earlier young children learn that being active is fun, the more likely they are to develop physical activity as a habit for life.  For infants getting down on the floor and wiggling and moving is physically good for them.  Toddlers enjoy imitation games like Simon Says and the benefits are two-fold.  These types of games promote both physical activity and learning in young children.  The Bright Futures in Practice-Physical Activity (2001) manual also has great ideas for physical activity and movement for young children.

K.D-Berry: How can we help parents and staff understand that infancy is not too early to begin thinking about overweight and obesity issues?

Dr. Téllez: Start by reminding parents how much the baby moved during pregnancy.  Even before birth, babies are moving!  Physical movement is important for an infant because she is rapidly adding new muscle tone and strength to her body as she grows and develops. 

The importance of role modeling that staff and parents provide children cannot be underestimated.  In other words, what the families and caregivers  do, young children will  imitate.  Therefore, families who do not exercise regularly and are overweight are more likely to have young children who follow suit.  The longer a child is overweight, the more health problems she’s likely to have later in life.  Some of these health problems include asthma, bone and joint problems, childhood diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.  Socially, as young children who are overweight grow older, they may get teased by their peers because of their weight.  This can lead to low self-esteem in these children.  Ideally, the younger a child with overweight problems is identified, the better her chances for a healthier life.