Practica este concepto a Tipos De Pistas De Contexto: Ejemplos Y Reafirmación Ejercicios - Aprenda Rápido Vocabulario y Ortografía en Inglés.
Mira a la lección para Usar El Contexto Para Determiner Lo Que Significa Una Palabra: Aprenda Rápido Vocabulario y Ortografía en Inglés.
Sumario de la Lección
Esta lección se enfoca en dos tipos de pistas de contexto: ejemplos y reafirmación. La lista de palabras presenta palabras que vienen de nombres de personas, lugares o eventos. El contexto es siempre la mejor manera de determinar el significado de tales palabras
Ya habrás notado varios aspectos del idioma inglés:
- Es visualmente confuso y fonéticamente irregular.
- Las palabras tienen diferentes formas para diferentes propósitos—las categorías gramaticales.
- Las palabras generalmente comparten elementos que revelan su significado, como raíces y afijos.
- Algunas veces el significado de una palabra es claro dentro de su contexto.
- Algunas palabras vienen directamente de otras idiomas.
La dificultad principal del inglés radica en su complejidad. El gozo del inglés es su habilidad de crecer y adoptar nuevas palabras de muchas fuentes. En esta lección, junto con Palabras Del Mundo De Trabajo: Aprenda Rápido Vocabulario y Ortografía en Inglés y Palabras Nuevas: Vocabulario Emergente - Aprenda Rápido Vocabulario y Ortografía en Inglés —la última lección de vocabulario antes de abordar la ortografía—verás cómo nuevas palabras vienen dentro de los idiomas, cuyas fuentes proceden de nombres de lugares, nombres personales, referencias literarias o históricas y de la nueva tecnología.
Esta lección se enfoca también en dos tipos de pistas de contexto adicionales que te ayudarán a determinar lo que significa una palabra: pistas de contexto por ejemplo y por reafirmación. Son de ayuda especial con palabras derivadas de nombres y con palabras provenientes de la nueva tecnología, porque muchas carecen de pistas fonéticas o estructurales.
Trabajar con la Lista de Palabras
La lista de palabras de hoy proviene de nombres de personas o lugares; algunos son reales y otros ficticios. El significado presente de dichas palabras se vincula con características o eventos asociados con el nombre. Por ejemplo, la palabra boycott, que significa negarse a comprar o pagar algo, viene del nombre de un propietario irlandés que dirigía a la policia hacia aquellos inquilinos que se negaban a pagar su alquiler.
Por Sonido y De Vista
Lee las palabras siguientes y determina cuántas reconoces por su sonido o de vista.
| bedlam |
BED- lum |
| chauvinistic |
show- vuh- NIS- tik |
| cynical |
SIN- i- kul |
| draconian |
dra- KOH- nee- un |
| erotic |
e- ROT - ik |
| forensic |
fuh- REN- sik |
| gerrymander |
JER - ee - man - der |
| jovial |
JO- vee- al |
| masochist |
MAS- uh- kist |
| maudlin |
MAWD- lin |
| maverick |
MAV - er - ik |
| mecca |
MEK - uh |
| mentor |
MEN-tor |
| mesmerize |
MEZ - mer - ize |
| narcissistic |
nar - si- SIS- tik |
| quixotic |
kwik- SOT - ik |
| stoic |
STOW - ik |
| tantalize |
TAN- tuh- lize |
| titanic |
tie- TAN- ik |
| utopia |
yoo - TOE - pee – uh |
Número de palabras que sabes por sonido y de vista: _____
Por Contexto
Pistas Por Ejemplo
Diez palabras de la lista de hoy se presentan con pistas de contexto por ejemplo. En las oraciones siguientes, el escritor usa ejemplos para ilustrar el significado de las palabras. Rodea en un círculo los ejem plos que te ayuden a figurarte el significado de las palabras.
The harsh and punishing laws passed by this legislature were truly draconian in nature.
The magician kept every eye on his spellbinding performance, which was completely mesmerizing to the audience.
Broadway is the mecca of the musical theater and draws performers from all over the world.
The candidate tried to envision a utopian society in which all social problems would be solved.
His stoic manner during his last illness won the respect of everyone in the hospital.
His outrageous opinion on the place of women in society suggested unbridled chauvinism.
His experience with government corruption had made him cynical about the motives of others.
His concern with his personal appearance and preoccupation with his own problems made him seem too narcissistic for her taste.
The boss's tantalizing promise of a promotion made her decide to stay at her job.
He seemed to take an almost masochistic pleasure in reliving his horrible experience.
Pistas Por Reafirmación
Aquí están las otras diez palabras en las oraciones que contienen pistas de contexto por reafirmación. En las oraciones siguientes el escritor ha clarificado el significado de una palabra desconocida escribiendo una oración o frase suplementaria.
He was considered a real maverick in the Congress. He refused to follow his party's platform on nearly every issue.
He threatened to gerrymander the district. His redrawing of election lines to favor his candidate would have meant defeat to the other party.
She was a jovial hostess. She was always in the midst of the group with a humorous story or joke to raise everyone's spirits.
Unfortunately she became maudlin when she drank too much. She would weep and tell long sentimental stories of her unhappy childhood.
He honed his forensic skills in college. He participated on the debate team and was speaker at his commencement ceremony.
He mounted a quixotic campaign. He pursued his dream, even though he knew he had little chance of success.
The streets of the city were bedlam during the earthquake. The noise and confusion were beyond anything anyone had seen before.
The writer always recalled her college mentor. She said that the professor's advice had always inspired her.
A titanic invasion of leaf-cutter ants swept over the land. It was a gigantic infestation.
The movie contained a very erotic love scene. Its sexual nature earned an R rating.
Número total de palabras que conoces: _____
En una hoja separada, escribe tus propias definiciones para cada palabra a base de las pistas del contexto en cada oración.
Definiciones y Fuentes
Aquí están las definiciones de la lista de hoy. También hay una explicación del origen de cada palabra.
bedlam: a scene of madness and confusion
Bedlam was the popular name for the Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem in London, an asylum for the insane.
chauvinistic: blindly loyal to a cause, gender, or country
The loyalty of Nicholas Chauvin to his leader, Napoleon, was legendary.
cynical: distrustful of the motives of others
The Cynics were a school of philosophy in ancient Greece who emphasized principles of self - reliance and criticism of society.
draconian: harsh and severe, usually pertaining to laws The ancient Athenian lawmaker
Draco is remembered for writing an extremely harsh code of laws.
erotic: pertaining to physical love
Eros was the god of love in Greek mythology.
forensic: pertaining to public speaking or to the legal aspects of medicine
The forum in ancient Rome was the place for public speaking and the center of the law courts.
gerrymander: to redraw district boundaries to favor a particular candidate
Elbridge Gerry was an eighteenth- century Massachusetts politician who redrew election lines to favor particular voting blocs. One such district resembled the outline of a salamander. Gerry's name was joined to the last part of salamander to make gerrymander.
jovial: happy, outgoing, sociable
In Greek mythology, Jove was the chief god. He smiled indulgently on his people.
masochist: one who takes pleasure in pain, particularly self-inflicted pain (the adjective form is masochistic)
Leopold von Sacher Masoch was a nineteenth - century writer who found pleasure in being punished or abused.
maudlin: tearfully sentimental
In medieval art and theater, Mary Magdalene was often depicted as weeping excessively. The word maudlin comes from the old pronunciation of her name and indicates any weak emotionalism.
maverick: a political independent or nonconformist free spirit
Samuel Maverick was a Texas rancher who refused to brand his animals. Therefore, a person who doesn't follow institutional policy is considered to be a maverick.
mecca: a goal or place of pilgrimage for groups of people
Mecca, the birthplace of Mohammed in Arabia, is the goal of pilgrimages for the faithful of Islam.
mentor: a trusted advisor or counselor
In Greek mythology, Mentor was Odysseus's friend who guided his actions.
mesmerize: to fascinate, hold spellbound
Friedrich Mesmer was a nineteenth- century hypnotist popular in Vienna and Paris for his theory of "animal magnetism."
narcissistic: self- absorbed, conceited
In Greek mythology, Narcissus was a handsome youth who drowned by falling into a pool in which he saw his own reflection.
quixotic: showing an impractical level of idealism
Miguel Cervantes's book Don Quixote is named for its hero, who pursues dreams that are really illusions, such as trying to joust with windmills because he thinks they are actually giants.
stoic: bearing suffering without complaint
The Stoa was an area in ancient Athens where a school founded by the philosopher Zeno met. The school emphasized emotional control and enduring hardships bravely.
tantalize: to tease or to hold just out of reach
Tantalus in Greek mythology was doomed to the underworld where everything he needed was in sight but out of reach.
titanic: gigantic (the noun form is titan, a giant)
The Titans were the gods of great strength and power in Greek mythology.
utopia: an ideal society
Thomas More's book Utopia, written in the sixteenth century, described an ideal state. The word is also used satirically as the name of the country in the twentieth - century novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley.
Ejercicio Final
Escoge cinco palabras de la lista de hoy y escribe unas oraciones con cada una en el espacio de abajo. Al escribir tus oraciones, trata de incluir todas las pistas de contexto y trata de identificar qué clase de pista has usado. Escribe las otras en tarjetas con su definición y añádelas a tu lista general de palabras.
Practica este concepto a Tipos De Pistas De Contexto: Ejemplos Y Reafirmación Ejercicios - Aprenda Rápido Vocabulario y Ortografía en Inglés.
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From Aprenda Rapido: Vocabulario y Ortografia/Spelling and Vocabulary. Copyright © 2008 by LearningExpress, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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