Some typically developing children independently learn toileting quickly whereas others, to the parents’ distress, take much longer. Children with disabilities have added disadvantages that can make toilet learning all the more difficult. Adapted equipment used to enhance independence in toileting can help. An enuresis alarm is one aspect of a multidimensional approach for children diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis (i.e., urinating during the night due to deep sleep patterns). Other methods may be indicated for children with special needs. A thorough evaluation is conducted to determine if wetting is due to issues such as deep sleep, small bladder size, neurological problems, overproduction of urine, stress in the family, or food sensitivities (Maizels et al., 1999). The alarm is used only when the child has been diagnosed with enuresis. It is not appropriate for a child with incontinence. Incontinence indicates that the child does not have a typically functioning urinary tract. The alarm sounds when the child wets during the night. The device includes a moisture sensor that is attached to the outer part of the child’s underwear and an alarm that is attached near the shoulder on the child’s pajamas. The comprehensive program generally shows success within a matter of months if used consistently (Maizels et al., 1999).
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